Activate Motorola Pager' title='Activate Motorola Pager' />An amateur radio repeater is an electronic device that receives a weak or lowlevel amateur radio signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, so that. The worlds first brokerless financial trading platform. View and Download Radio Shack PRO433 quick start manual online. Trunking DesktopMobile Scanner. PRO433 Scanner pdf manual download. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. An eyeglass interface system is provided which integrates interface systems within eyewear. The system includes a display assembly and one or more audio andor video. OnStar Corporation is a subsidiary of General Motors that provides subscriptionbased communications, invehicle security, handsfree calling, turnbyturn navigation. Amateur radio repeater Wikipedia. An amateur radio repeater system consisting of a 7. Gate. Coaxial cavity RF filter at 2 meter repeater. An amateur radio repeater is an electronic device that receives a weak or low level amateur radio signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. Many repeaters are located on hilltops or on tall buildings as the higher location increases their coverage area, sometimes referred to as the radio horizon, or footprint. Amateur radio repeaters are similar in concept to those used by public safety entities police, fire department, etc., businesses, government, military, and more. Amateur radio repeaters may even use commercially packaged repeater systems that have been adjusted to operate within amateur radio frequency bands, but more often amateur repeaters are assembled from receivers, transmitters, controllers, power supplies, antennas, and other components, from various sources. IntroductioneditIn amateur radio, repeaters are typically maintained by individual hobbyists or local groups of amateur radio operators. Many repeaters are provided openly to other amateur radio operators and typically not used as a remote base station by a single user or group. In some areas multiple repeaters are linked together to form a wide coverage network, such as the linked system provided by the Independent Repeater Association1 which covers most of western Michigan, or the Western Intertie Network System WINsystem that now covers a great deal of California, and is in 1. Hawaii, along with parts of four other countries, Australia, Canada, Great Britain and Japan. FrequencieseditRepeaters are found mainly in the VHFsix meters 5. MHz, two meter 1. MHz, 1. 2. 5 meter band 1 14 meter 2. MHz and the UHF7. MHz bands, but can be used on almost any frequency pair above 2. MHz. Recently,when3. MHz and 2. 3 centimeters 1,2. MHz are also being used for repeaters. Note that different countries have different rules for example, in the United States, the two meter band is 1. Pj Harvey Greatest Hits Rar. MHz, while in the United Kingdom and most of Europe it is 1. MHz. Repeater frequency sets are known as repeater pairs, and in the ham radio community most follow ad hoc standards for the difference between the two frequencies, commonly called the offset. In the USA two meter band, the standard offset is 6. Hz 0. 6 MHz, but sometimes unusual offsets, referred to as oddball splits, are used. The actual frequency pair used is assigned by a local frequency coordinating council. In the days of crystal controlled radios, these pairs were identified by the last portion of the transmit Input frequency followed by the last portion of the receive Output frequency that the ham would put into the radio. Thus three four nine four 3. MHz and listen on 1. MHz while the repeater would do the opposite, listening on 1. In areas with many repeaters, reverse splits were common i. Since the late 1. In 1. 98. 0, a ham might have been told that a repeater was on 2. The 6 refers to the last digit of 1. MHz, so that the display will read 1. Hz on 1. 46. 2. 2 MHz. Another way of describing a repeater frequency pair is to give the repeaters output frequency, along with the direction of offset or plus for an input frequency above the output frequency, or minus for a lower frequency with the assumption that the repeater uses the standard offset for the band in question. For instance, a 2 meter repeater might be described as 1. MHz and receives 6. Hz above the output frequency. ServiceseditServices provided by a repeater may include an autopatch connection to a POTSPSTNtelephone line to allow users to make telephone calls from their keypad equipped radios. These advanced services may be limited to members of the group or club that maintains the repeater. Many amateur radio repeaters typically have a tone access control CTCSS, CG or PL tone implemented to prevent them from being keyed up operated accidentally by interference from other radio signals. A few use a digital code system called DCS, DCG or DPL a Motorola trademark. In the UK most repeaters also respond to a short burst of 1. Hz tone to open the repeater. In many communities, a repeater has become a major on the air gathering spot for the local amateur radio community, especially during drive time the morning or afternoon commuting time. In the evenings local public service nets may be heard on these systems and many repeaters are used by weather spotters. In an emergency or a disaster a repeater can sometimes help to provide needed communications between areas that could not otherwise communicate. Until cellular telephones became popular, it was common for community repeaters to have drive time monitoring stations so that mobile amateurs could call in traffic accidents via the repeater to the monitoring station who could relay it to the local police agencies via telephone. Systems with autopatches frequently had and still have most of the public safety agencies numbers programmed as speed dial numbers. US repeater coordinationeditRepeater coordination is not required by the Federal Communications Commission, nor does the FCC regulate, certify or otherwise regulate frequency coordination for the Amateur Radio Bands. Amateur Radio Repeater Coordinators or coordination groups are all volunteers and have no legal authority to assume jurisdictional or regional control in any area where the Federal Communications Commission regulates the Amateur Radio Service. The United States Code of Federal Regulations Title 4. CFR, Part 9. 7, which are the laws in which the Amateur Radio Service is regulated clearly states the definition of Frequency Coordinator. The purpose of coordinating a repeater or frequency is reduce harmful interference to other fixed operations. Coordinating a repeater or frequency with other fixed operations demonstrates good engineering and amateur practice. UK repeaterseditIn the UK, the frequency allocations for repeaters are managed by the Emerging Technology Co ordination Committee ETCC3 of the Radio Society of Great Britain and licensed by Ofcom, the industry regulator for communications in the UK. Each repeater has a NOV Notice of Variation licence issued to a particular amateur radio callsign this person is normally known as the repeater keeper thus ensuring the licensing authority has a single point of contact for that particular repeater. Each repeater in the UK is normally supported by a repeater group composed of local amateur radio enthusiasts who pay a nominal amount e. Repeater groups do not receive any central funding from other organisations. Such groups include the Central Scotland FM Group4 and the Scottish Borders Repeater Group. Repeater equipmenteditThe most basic repeater consists of an FM receiver on one frequency and an FM transmitter on another frequency usually in the same radio band, connected together so that when the receiver picks up a signal, the transmitter is keyed and rebroadcasts whatever is heard. In order to run the repeater a repeater controller is necessary. A repeater controller can be a hardware solution or even be implemented in software. Repeaters typically have a timer to cut off retransmission of a signal that goes too long. Repeaters operated by groups with an emphasis on emergency communications often limit each transmission to 3.